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1992-01-04
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FILE TYPES
==========
The OzGIS suite of programs process several types of files.
Some of the files can be entered into OzGIS as data. All of the
files have internal formats, which are generated as part of the user
interaction.
Data files usually come from Census bureaux, map data suppliers or your
corporate database, and are entered as Ascii files in a variety of formats.
The file types will become obvious with use of the system.
External data files must be entered into OzGIS explicitly. This
operation permits OzGIS to generate internal representations of the
data for efficient processing and to check the data.
The following kinds of files must be entered into OzGIS:
- marker files
- device files
- presentation files
Certain files must be prepared explicitly within OzGIS under user
direction. These files are:
- saved display files
- catchment files (OzCatch)
Some files can be prepared externally or internally. These are:
- geographic files
- name files
- combine files
OzGIS distinguishes the various types of files, so that users can
interrogate the current set of files of a specified type.
* Data files are ascii format files that are to be read into the system
(with OzEnter) and converted into one of the standard file types.
Data files must have names with extensions ".dat" e.g. FRED.DAT,
A:USA.DAT
* Geographic Map files describe geographic (map) data in terms of
graphic elements - zones, polygons, line networks, line segments and
points. The data can be drawn in geographic regions, or overlayed on
displayed maps.
The files are generated by digitising base maps. This is a
time-consuming soul-destroying task. Fortunately digitised map data
are available for many commonly used maps e.g. states, postcodes,
Census districts. Where special zones are required, they can often be
defined in terms of Census districts and the map boundaries obtained
by amalgamating the digitised Census boundary data (dropping internal
lines). This has the additional advantage that Census data can also
be extracted for the amalgamated zones and used for comparisons with
the user's own attribute data.
* Attribute files contain the values of attributes (variates,
statistics, variables) referenced to zone, line or site names. Each
file may contain a number of attributes for a fixed set of names.
Attribute files are processed to assign a class number to zones
(colour) or lines (line type) or sites (symbol sizes) in a displayed
map.
Attribute data files are usually generated via a standard database or
modelling system or by a user's own programs.
* Names files contain a list of zones, lines or sites that defines a
geographic region of interest. The files may be used to subset
geographic data. It may also be used to restrict the set of
attributes to be quantised for a map, or alternatively the set of
zones lines or sites to be displayed on a map.
* Combine files - define new items in terms of zones. A file may define
new zones in terms of amalgamated base map zones or the influence of
surrounding zones on a site.
The file contains a list of names of the new zones or sites defined.
For each new item there is a list of the base map zones it is defined
by and a list of weights.
New zones are defined by complete base map zones so the weights have
value 1.0 e.g. Sales Territories. Site Catchments are used to retrieve
data from underlying map zones so the weights give the proportions of
the zones (range 0-1).
* Marker files - define simple shapes as single polygons for display as
markers.
The data are simply the (X,Y) points that are used to draw the
polygons. The points are in the range -0.5 to +0.5 so the polygon can
be easily scaled and displayed centred at a location.
(f) Saved Display files contain the data to regenerate a complete display.
These files should be stored by the user upon completion of a display
for later recall. Subsequent manipulation of the display is possible
after recall.
There are two modes. The screen is usually saved so the map can be rapidly
displayed, but this is not relevant for later regeneration on plotters
etc.
Saved display files are the common level of storage and retrieval of
maps. A user may build up a set of commonly displayed maps with all
the desired features that can be displayed and modified rapidly.
Saved display files are also used for presentations.
* Presentation files contain references to a number of Saved Display
files. The files are used to present a set of displays quickly,
usually for demonstration purposes.
* Device files - define the graphic devices and their capabilities.
Each device is a GKS workstation. Several files may exist for each
device giving different values for the graphic primitive attributes
(line type, text, colours, patterns etc.). In particular, each file
contains sets of fill colours or patterns for single and bivariate
maps.
* Catchment files - contain definitions of sites, boundaries of
catchments around sites, and catchment weights. Catchment files are
interactively generated with reference to a base map.